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Install Docker Engine on Debian 12

Docker has become an essential tool in the world of modern software development. If you're using Debian 12 and want to take advantage of Docker's capabilities, this guide will walk you through the installation process.

Update System Packages​

Begin by updating your system’s package index:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg

This ensures that you have the necessary packages to securely install Docker.

Add Docker’s Official GPG Key​

Docker’s GPG key ensures the authenticity of the software packages. Add it with:

sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

Then, add the Docker repository to your system:

echo \
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

This ensures you get the latest version of Docker.

Install Docker Engine​

Now, install the Docker Engine, CLI, and other necessary components:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y

After installation, the Docker service starts automatically.

Verify the Installation​

To verify Docker is installed correctly, run a test image:

sudo docker run hello-world

If everything is set up correctly, this command will pull a test image and run a container that prints an informational message.

Enable Docker Command for Non-root Users​

By default, running Docker commands requires root privileges. To allow a non-root user to execute Docker commands, add them to the docker group:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker